Adding Subtitles To DivX Movie..

How Adding subtitles to DivX movie ????

Basics for adding subtitles on your movie!

Step 1

First get the Subtitle file, you can find some Subtitle files in English on these website:


http://divxstation.com/subtitles.asp
www.nlondertitels.com [dutch subs]
www.ondertitel.com [dutch]
www.subs.ro [Romania subs]
http://www.divxsubtitles.net/index.php
http://extratitles.to [Polish]
http://www.napisy.org
http://dvd.stuff.gr/subtitles/index.php? [Greek]
www.undertexter.se [Swedish]
http://www.divxmovies.com/subtitles/
http://www.subtitles.ro/
http://www.divxsubtitles.net/index.php
http://divxstation.com/searchSubtitles.asp
http://www.subtitles.de/main.php?l=search
http://subtitles.7nights.net/
http://www.ondertitel.com [Dutch]
http://www.legendas-ed2k.com [Portuguese and Brazilian subs]
http://napisy.org [Polish]
http://livada.pondi.hr/index2.htm [Serbian, Slovenian, Croat, Macedonian]
http://www.serbiancafe.ws/divx/ [Yugoslavia]
http://www.hot.ee/subland/ [Estonian, English and Finland]
http://sub.divx.ee/ [Estonian]
http://dvd.umedia.ee/index.php?leht=subtiitrid [Estonian]
http://subclub.future.ee/subtitles.php? [Estonian]
http://frigorifix.com/ [French]
www.legendasdivx.com [Portuguese] and [Brazilian]
www.kloofy.com [Asian and Bollywood]
www.divxsweden.net [swedish]
http://www.divxforever.com [turkish]
http://www.sub-search.com [English French German Spanish Italian Dutch Portuguese Turkish]
http://www.central-subtitles.com/ [Portugal & Brasil Subtitles]
www.titulky.com [cz/sk subtitles]
www.undertexter.se [swedish]


Step 2


Now you saved the file of the movie, you need to convert it from .Srt to .Ssa
The easiest program for this is Srt2Ssapeople.zeelandnet.nl
Change the standard configuration from yellow to white!


Step 3

Now you need to put the subtitles on the movie
The easiest program for this is VirtualDub
Extract the files in a folder then open "auxsetup.exe" and click on "Install Handler"



Step 4

You need to put this plugin in the "Plugin" folder:
"Plugin"

Step 5

Now open VirtualDub.exe then click on File > Open File
Then browse to the movie you want to add subtitles.
If you did that go to Video > Filters > Add > Subtitler
Then a configuration will open then browse to the subtitle file you just converted in Step 1.





If you all did this right do File > Save as Avi !

Done !!

How to Spilt Big Files using Winrar

First right click on the file u wanna select and select Add to Archive then a window will open from Rar .....

At the bottown there is a Tab sayin "Spilt to Volume,Bytes"


In the box enter a figure.. remember bytes ... For eg if u enter 10000000 tht will be equal to 9.53 mb ...

Remember u have to enter the value in bytes.. So enter a big value..

And thts it ur File will be split into ur requirest no of file...

How To Rename Recycle Bin

How To Rename Recycle Bin

Click

Start/Run/

Type regedit

Then


Find

HKEY_CURRENT_USER/SOFTWARE/MICROSOFT/WINDOWS/CURRENT VERSION/EXPLORER/CLSID/

Then highlight the folder {645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E} then double click on the Default up un the right side and add the name for the default Value Data e.x Trash Can or in ur language ex french german etc...

Improve Boob Size With Photoshop

In this tutorial we'll learn how to improve breast in Adobe Photoshop
Original:

Final result:



In this tutorial we'll learn how to improve breast in Adobe Photoshop. Open a picture:


Make a new layer.
Layer-Duplicate Layer.
In layers window you can see a new layer (press F7 if you don't see this window).



Deactivate base layer to make it invisible:



Take Eraser
with small size, and erase some hair and background behind left breast.



Go to
Filter-Liquify
or just press Shift+Ctrl+X.
In filter's menu find
Freeze Mask tool:



This tool actually "freezes" some areas of the image. Select beads and decorations to avoid it's enlargement. To resize your tool faster use [ (to make it smaller) and ] (to make it bigger) on your keyboard.



Now choose Bloat tool:



Set brush size which is a bit bigger than left breast, and make it bigger a little bit:



Do the same with the other breast:



Hit OK and you'll get to the main Photoshop menu.


Make your base layer visible:



And you're done!

By globator.com

Reduce Lag in Online Games

Most of this is common sense, but some people just don't have it figured out, so I'm hear to help those people

so you play your online game (like Warrock ) and you get these annoying little screen freezes, or all out lagging, causing you too loose, well here is some things you can do to help stop your lagging

1. Close all open windows, so that your task bar is empty.

2. Stop/disable your anti viruses (especially if your using Norton), and any software firewalls, adware/spyware programs etc.

3. Make sure your browser is closed, go ctrl+all+delete to view your running processes, and look for firefox.exe, iexplorer.exe or what ever browser your using.

4. Unhook all nonessential items out of your usb/ethernet ports.

5. When your game is open, do a ctrl+all+delete, and end the process "explorer.exe"


When you are done your game, and close it, all you will see is your wallpaper, so to restart the explorer.exe process, do the ctrl+all+delete, then go to "file" and then "New Task (Run...)"


and then simple type in "explorer.exe" and click "OK"


6. Reboot your computer prior to playing, especially if your computer has been running several days straight

So hopefully you should have significantly less lag while playing online games, and on some games you can pick your server, sometimes it helps to get one closer to your area, or one with less people on it

Change the Traffic Lights Anytime You Want !

Make Traffic Lights Change!! Amazing! - video powered by Metacafe

How to make a screencap of a movie!!!

This is a guide on how to easily create and add great looking screenshots to your upload.

The 2 things you need are:

1.ImageGrabberII - A brilliant program....!


http://www45.brinkster.com/antworkz


1. Creating screenshots

To get started open up your movie in ImageGrabber (supports wmv aswell) and the movie will start playing. Click the red stop button and the movie is open and ready to go.

Click this button


And the following dialog box will appear...










Enter the number of screens shots you would like to take of the scene. A good number for a scene is probably about 10-15 and you can have a play around with this and the number of columns explained in the settings below to see what you like.

When you click OK it will go through the movie taking the screen shots and add them to the timeline across the bottom.

You can add individual selected screenshots by using the scrollbar to move to the picture you want and clicking this button to add the current image at the end of the timeline.

Once you have all the pics you want you can arrange the screenshots in the timeline.


* Right click a screenshot to delete it, delete all or change the text label.

* Left click a screenshot to drag it to where you want in the timeline.


ImageGrabber settings

Once you have all the screens you want, on the File menu click Save File and you will see the following default settings dialog box ...

















Layout: Good idea to make the dimensions of each screen (Tile) a fraction of the original to avoid distortion.

Style: Details of the drop shadow around your screens and the background color for your image.

Info: You can include the time each sample was taken in the vid.

JPEG: You can adjust the quality down to reduce the file size say for a full movie with many screens.

Details: You can include the basic movie statistics in the image.

There are plenty of possible configurations, try playing around with different settings until you find a layout you like.


Click the save button and using the Default settings will produce an image with a layout similar to this ...

Once you have your image you may want to resize it or modify it in some way, a nice free and easy to use image viewing/editing tool is irfanview -

http://www.irfanview.com/


Now you have your screenshots, the next step is hosting your cool new image.

2. Hosting screenshots

The are a few free image hosting web sites around and most of them operate the same way. The best 1 at the moment is:
http://photobucket.com/

I edited this with pics and photobucket hosting.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

FTP is a commonly used protocol for exchanging files over any network that supports the TCP/IP protocol (such as the Internet or an intranet). There are two computers involved in an FTP transfer: a server and a client.

The FTP server, running FTP server software, listens on the network for connection requests from other computers. The client computer, running FTP client software, initiates a connection to the server. Once connected, the client can do a number of file manipulation operations such as uploading files to the server, download files from the server, rename or delete files on the server and so on. Any software company or individual programmer is able to create FTP server or client software because the protocol is an open standard. Virtually every computer platform supports the FTP protocol. This allows any computer connected to a TCP/IP based network to manipulate files on another computer on that network regardless of which operating systems are involved (if the computers permit FTP access). There are many existing FTP client and server programs.

How to Download & Play Flash games on PSP

How to Download & Play Flash games on PSP ??

You need fw 2.70 or higher for this..

1 - Create a folder on your PSP called Flash. Put this in the root folder of your PSP memory stick.
2 - Transfer your swf file into this PSP folder.
3 - Go to the internet on your PSP and put in this address: file:/psp/flash/(name of file).swf

How to Dump a PS3 Game ?

How to Dump a PS3 Game ??? Here is tutorial..


1. Install Fedora Core 5 on your PS3
2. Open Terminal
3. Type dd if=/dev/sdb of=/foo.img
4. Be patient as it rips your game to your hard drive.
More Information about Fedora Core

How to Identifying PSP Firmware Without Opening the Box

Identifying PSP Firmware Without Opening the Box

On the back of the box there is an image like this:



Look at the letter

no letter = 1.0 (Japanese Release) 1.5 (North-American release) confirmed
A = 1.5 confirmed
B = 1.51 confirmed
C = 1.52 confirmed
D = 1.52 confirmed
E = 1.52 confirmed
F = 2.0 confirmed
G = 2.01 confirmed
H = 2.50 confirmed
I = 2.60 confirmed
J = 2.70
H=?

Note that the PSP Giga-Packs are the unknown, because they are Sony™s latest PSP bundle, they will potentially be either 2.00, 2.01, and maybe 2.50. (because of the holidays and more volume being produced, Sony will be loading their latest firmware onto the newer PSPs.)

File Extension Renamer batch file

File Extension Renamer batch file
You all downloaded some game or app once that was 50 parts big, and you had to rename them all from .bmp to .rar to extract them.


You can easily create a batch file that does that for you.

Open Notepad

write the CODE in the notepad:
ren *.bmp *.rar
Ofcourse, you have to edit these two extensions to fit the files you want to convert. Save this file as renamer.bat and run it in the directory where you want to rename your downloads.

Listening music in BIOS

In this tuturial, it will show you how you are able to listen any kinds of music on the PC without booting into the Operating System. This means how you are able to listen your music in the BIOS.


Tutorial Introduction & Background & Facts

I know that people are enjoying their music. They always need to boot into the Operating System in order for them to be able to listen their favorite music on the PC. But what if I don't boot into the OS, is it still possible to listen the music on the PC? From now on, the answer is that depends on the motherboard. Therefore, if you have the motherboard that supports that feature, you are able to listen and enjoy your favorite music without first booting into the Operating System. Booting the Operating System takes a time to load.

The feature that allows you to be able to listen and enjoy your favorite music through the BIOS is Instant Music. It is part of the BIOS feature. Unfortunately, Instant Music is only introduced on some of the Asus Motherboards.

Pre-requites Tools

* An Asus Motherboard that supports either Instant Music or Instant Music Lite
(Check your mobo manual to see if it offers that feature. If your mobo manual doesn't mention about the Instant Music, this means your mobo is not supported with Instant Music feature. Therefore, you are not able to listen the music without first booting into the Operating System.)

Terminology & Explanation

(None)

Implementation

Once you check your mobo manual, if the manual did mention about Instant Music, this means your mobo is supported the Instant Music feature. Therefore, you are able to listen your favorite music through the BIOS instead of Windows. Remember, Instant Music is part of the Asus mobo feature; therefore, it only offers on some of the Asus motherboard.

The following procedure guides you how you are able to the music in the BIOS using Instant Music. In order to make the Instant Music working, be sure that you have and did the followings:

* Optical Drive (ie: CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, etc.)
* Internal CD Audio Cable (connects from optical drive and plug into the CD-In port onto the sound card
* Be sure that you are using on-board sound card. Otherwise the Instant Music feature will not work
* Be sure that you are using PS/2 Keyboard and Mouse

Once you got all of the above things ready and setup, you can continue on the next procedure.

1.1) Go to the mobo BIOS setting

1.2) Go to the Advanced menu, and scroll down until you see the Instant Music word

1.3) Hightlight Instant Music and set it to Enable

Note: If the BIOS detects that there are more than 1 optical drive on your system, you will be able to see the Instant Music CDROM setting. This setting allows you to specify which CD-ROM (or other optical drive) to use to listen the music.

1.4) After you done that, save the BIOS setting and exit.

The Instant Music should be enable, and your system should be in Instant Music mode. Once you are in that mode, you are able to listen your favorite music.

Benefical

Instant Music feature allows you to listen and enjoy the favorite music without first booting the OS. Listening the music in the BIOS doesn't require the sound driver. Unlike the OS, it needs the sound card driver to load in order to produce the sound and the music. Therefore, listening the music in the BIOS saves a lot of system resources.

FTP Error Messages

FTP Error Messages
some nice info about ftp error codes so you know what they mean. i am sure you see them all the time and sometimes you dont know what they mean, so take a look here.


The most common codes:
421 - often means: too many users logged to the same account.

530 - wrong login:pass, some servers auto-switch to 530 from
421 when they reach the max # of users. so notice the
error message attached to the code.

550 - common in Ratio site, If the file exsist it means you have no
access to the file or dir.
if you try changing dirs in an FTP and you`re getting a 550
message, it means you don`t have access to the dir, but,
It doesn`t mean you don`t have access to a dir
inside that dir. (meaning when getting a direct path, log into
the path directly, not 1 dir by 1).

All others:

110 Restart marker reply. In this case, the text is exact and not left to the particular implementation; it must read: MARK yyyy = mmmm Where yyyy is User-process data stream marker, and mmmm server's equivalent marker (note the spaces between markers and "=").
120 Service ready in nnn minutes.
125 Data connection already open; transfer starting.
150 File status okay; about to open data connection.
200 Command okay.
202 Command not implemented, superfluous at this site.
211 System status, or system help reply.
212 Directory status.
213 File status.
214 Help message. On how to use the server or the meaning of a particular non-standard command. This reply is useful only to the human user.
215 NAME system type. Where NAME is an official system name from the list in the Assigned Numbers document.
220 Service ready for new user.
221 Service closing control connection. Logged out if appropriate.
225 Data connection open; no transfer in progress.
226 Closing data connection. Requested file action successful (for example, file transfer or file abort).
227 Entering Passive Mode (h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2).
230 User logged in, proceed.
250 Requested file action okay, completed.
257 "PATHNAME" created.
331 User name okay, need password.
332 Need account for login.
350 Requested file action pending further information.
421 Too many users logged to the same account
425 Can't open data connection.
426 Connection closed; transfer aborted.
450 Requested file action not taken. File unavailable (e.g., file busy).
451 Requested action aborted: local error in processing.
452 Requested action not taken. Insufficient storage space in system.
500 Syntax error, command unrecognized. This may include errors such as command line too long.
501 Syntax error in parameters or arguments.
502 Command not implemented.
503 Bad sequence of commands.
504 Command not implemented for that parameter.
530 Not logged in.
532 Need account for storing files.
550 Requested action not taken. File unavailable (e.g., file not found, no access).
551 Requested action aborted: page type unknown.
552 Requested file action aborted. Exceeded storage allocation (for current directory or dataset).
553 Requested action not taken. File name not allowed.

Guide to HTTP Responses

Guide to HTTP Responses

100
HTTP/1.1 status code for continue, this status code lets the client know it should continue with the request.

101
HTTP/1.1 status code for switching protocols, this status code notifies the server to switch protocols and if prohibited does so.


200
HTTP status code for a ok or successful transmission, 200 indicating that the transmission of the file over the HTTP protocol was successful.

201
HTTP status code indicating that the request has been fulfilled and resulted in a new resource being created.

202
HTTP status code that is generated when the request has been accepted but not yet completed.

204
HTTP status code no content or no response, 204 indicates that the server has received the request, however there is no information to send back. In some cases a 204 may return updated information.

206
HTTP status code for partial content, this status code is commonly generated when the client requests only section of data.

301
HTTP status code for moved permanently, this status code is often used to redirect a client to a new server.

302
HTTP status code for found, 302 is used to temporarily redirect clients.

304
HTTP status code for use a local copy, the page will be retrieved from the visitors cache instead of from the server. This helps load pages that have not been modified faster.

400
HTTP status code for Bad Request, this status code is caused when the client sends information that cannot be understood.

401
HTTP status code unauthorized access, authorization to access is either not authorized or the HTTP location is not setup properly.

402
HTTP status code "Payment Required 402" unable to authorize charging scheme.

403
HTTP status code forbidden, the requested item is a forbidden item and cannot be accessed. This issue is commonly caused when the file and/or directory has been purposely set to not allow you or a group of users access, is currently being uploaded to a server, or has just not yet had its permissions set.

404
HTTP status code "Not Found 404" server was unable to find the requested address. When this occurs it is possible that the web page may have moved, been deleted, or is currently being updated.

405
HTTP status code for Method Not Allowed, this status code is generated when the method requested in the request-line is not allowed for the resource identified.

407
HTTP status code for Proxy Authorization Required, this status code is generated when authorization must first be obtained through the proxy first.

408
HTTP status code for Request Timeout, this message is generated when the client did not make a request in the servers allocated time.

416
HTTP status code for Request Range Not Satisfiable, this status code indicates the servers inability to process the clients partial get request.

500
HTTP status code for internal error, the server encountered an unexpected error and is unable to fulfill the request.

501
HTTP status code for not implemented, this status code is received when the server does not support the facility required.

505
HTTP status code for HTTP Version not supported, this status code is generated when the server refuses the HTTP version in the request line.

How to encode & decode the Vigenère cipher

The Vigenère cipher is a method of encryption that uses a series of different Caesar ciphers based on the letters of a keyword. It is a simple form of polyalphabetic substitution..

How to encode and decode the Vigenère cipher

The Vigenère cipher is based on a key encryption. It's pretty much the ceasar cipher but more difficult to crack because frequeny analysis is not gonna work here.

If you want to encrypt the message "divert troops to east ridge" with the key "white"
you should do this:

keyword W H I T E W H I T E W H I T E W H I T E W H I
plaintext d i v e r t t r o o p s t o e a s t r i d g e
Ciphertext Z P D X V P A Z H S L Z B H I W Z B K M Z N M

write the message and type the keyword above it, and repeat the key to fit it with
the length of the text.

Here we have a table:
....A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

_1 B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A
_2 C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B
_3 D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C
_4 E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D
_5 F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E
_6 G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F
_7 H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G
_8 I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H
_9 J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I
10 K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J
11 L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K
12 M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L
13 N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M
14 O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
15 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
16 Q R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P
17 R S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q
18 S T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
19 T U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S
20 U V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T
21 V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U
22 W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V
23 X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W
24 Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X
25 Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y
26 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


To encrypt the first letter, "d" , begin by identifying the key letter above it, "W", which in turn defines a particular row in the Vigenère cipher . The row beginning with "W", row 22, is the cipher alphabet that will be used to find the substitute letter for the plaintext "d". We look to see where the column headed by "d" intersects the row beginning with "W", which turns out to be at the letter "Z". So the letter "d" is replaced by the letter "Z".

Continue with the rest of the letters of the plaintext to make your encypted message.

To decode it when you have the ciphertext and keyword you can simply reverse the process. You should be able to do the challenge by now !!

File exchange Protocol (FXP)

What is File exchange Protocol (FXP) ??

File eXchange Protocol (FXP) is a method of data transfer which uses the FTP protocol to transfer data from one remote server to another (inter-server) without routing this data through the client's connection. Conventional FTP involves a single server and a single client;


all data transmission is done between these two. In the FXP session, a client maintains a standard FTP connection to two servers, and can direct either server to connect to the other to initiate a data transfer. The advantage of using FXP over FTP is evident when a high-bandwidth server demands resources from another high-bandwidth server, but only a low-bandwidth client, such as a network administrator working away from location, has the authority to access the resources on both servers..

Fxping Tutorial

FXP stands for File eXchange Protocol (FXP). With this, you can transfer files from one server to another, without downloading or uploading.

This is could be faster, cause it doesn't depend on your own internet connection, but on the connection between the two servers. (Remember, the connection between an pub in Indonesia and an pub in South Africa will be probably much slower! But that is logical, isn't it?


Also know that you can't FXP to/from all pubs, but I'll explain this further in this tutorial.


Wich program to choose?

There are lots of popular FTP/FXP programs and most of those are quite similar to each other.
However, I will explain just one program in this tutorial, FlashFXP.
If you choose to use another program, then you still can use this tutorial, because most of the FTP/FXP programs work about the same.
For more information about FlashFXP you should have a look here.

First of all, download FlashFXP and install the program on your computer.

Note: Always check if the option "delete after download" is not selected!


Can I FXP to/from all pubs?

No, you can't, not every pub can be used for FXPing.
Both pubs have to support passive mode and must allow port command to foreign hosts. Also at least one pub needs to be a non NT pub (so unix would be fine). So it is possible to FXPing from an NT to and unix, and vice versa, but NOT from an NT to an NT!

You can find these pubs in the Scanned anonymous FTP's section on your favorite board. Look for pubs wich say: Fxpable.

It is however possible to increase the amount of pubs wich could be used for FXPing, see the Proxy's section of this page or click here.


Wingates

As stated on the previous page, you can't FXP to all pubs. However, when you're using a Wingate, you can FXP to a lot more pubs.
A Wingate can be used by a LAN (Local Area Network. If you are using an Wingate, all your transfers will pass this Wingate, incoming and outgoing. With this, you can FXP to a lot more pubs!
The advantage is more pubs to FXP, but the disadvantage is that you will have to find an fast Wingate, cause otherwise it will only slow things down.


Techniques

An technique is that if you want to upload something from your HardDisk, you first upload everything on a storage pub, after that you FXP the files to you destination pub. This has got some advantages.
First, if your transfers fail, you don't have to upload everything again from your own pc, but you can FXP the files again. The destination pub will probably soon killed by the sysop or deleted, cause there are many people connection. If that happens, you don't have to worry, you can simply re-upload the files again from your storage pub.
The main disadvantage is that it takes more time (uploading twice) and you will have to find a safe and fast storage pub.

But, when you have found yourself a good storage site and are able to FXP, then you can build pubs as fast as hell!

And now go back pubbuilding!!!!!

How to download from sendspace.com

How to download from sendspace.com

1)Copy the link of the file on sendspace you want to download.

2)Enter to google.com and select "Language tools"

3)Paste the sendspace link in the "Translate Box","Translate a web page" section,and then hit the "Translate button"..




4)And the result is ever a working link from Sendspace.com

by Aft3rDark

Cellphone Deactivate Trick

You can block almost all cellphone brands doing this:

Type *33*0000# to deactivate the calling function
Type *35*0000# to deactivate the receiving calls function


To activate them back type #33*0000# for the first function and #35*0000# for the second.

Plz Try this on your Own cellphone!

10 reasons why PCs crash..

10 reasons why PCs crash U must Know

Fatal error: the system has become unstable or is busy," it says. "Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete to restart your computer. If you do this you will lose any unsaved information in all open applications."

You have just been struck by the Blue Screen of Death. Anyone who uses Mcft Windows will be familiar with this. What can you do? More importantly, how can you prevent it happening?

1 Hardware conflict

The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device communicates to other devices through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are supposed to be unique for each device.

For example, a printer usually connects internally on IRQ 7. The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ 6. Each device will try to hog a single IRQ for itself.

If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number. When the user tries to use both devices at the same time, a crash can happen. The way to check if your computer has a hardware conflict is through the following route:

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager.

Often if a device has a problem a yellow '!' appears next to its description in the Device Manager. Highlight Computer (in the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears twice, two devices may be using it.

Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as 'IRQ holder for PCI steering'. This can be ignored. The best way to fix this problem is to remove the problem device and reinstall it.

Sometimes you may have to find more recent drivers on the internet to make the device function properly. A good resource is www.driverguide.com. If the device is a soundcard, or a modem, it can often be fixed by moving it to a different slot on the motherboard (be careful about opening your computer, as you may void the warranty).

When working inside a computer you should switch it off, unplug the mains lead and touch an unpainted metal surface to discharge any static electricity.

To be fair to Mcft, the problem with IRQ numbers is not of its making. It is a legacy problem going back to the first PC designs using the IBM 8086 chip. Initially there were only eight IRQs. Today there are 16 IRQs in a PC. It is easy to run out of them. There are plans to increase the number of IRQs in future designs.

2 Bad Ram

Ram (random-access memory) problems might bring on the blue screen of death with a message saying Fatal Exception Error. A fatal error indicates a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may mean a part is damaged and will need replacing.

But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by a mismatch of chips. For example, mixing 70-nanosecond (70ns) Ram with 60ns Ram will usually force the computer to run all the Ram at the slower speed. This will often crash the machine if the Ram is overworked.

One way around this problem is to enter the BIOS settings and increase the wait state of the Ram. This can make it more stable. Another way to troubleshoot a suspected Ram problem is to rearrange the Ram chips on the motherboard, or take some of them out. Then try to repeat the circumstances that caused the crash. When handling Ram try not to touch the gold connections, as they can be easily damaged.

Parity error messages also refer to Ram. Modern Ram chips are either parity (ECC) or non parity (non-ECC). It is best not to mix the two types, as this can be a cause of trouble.

EMM386 error messages refer to memory problems but may not be connected to bad Ram. This may be due to free memory problems often linked to old Dos-based programmes.

3 BIOS settings

Every motherboard is supplied with a range of chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A common way to access these settings is to press the F2 or delete button during the first few seconds of a boot-up.

Once inside the BIOS, great care should be taken. It is a good idea to write down on a piece of paper all the settings that appear on the screen. That way, if you change something and the computer becomes more unstable, you will know what settings to revert to.

A common BIOS error concerns the CAS latency. This refers to the Ram. Older EDO (extended data out) Ram has a CAS latency of 3. Newer SDRam has a CAS latency of 2. Setting the wrong figure can cause the Ram to lock up and freeze the computer's display.

Mcft Windows is better at allocating IRQ numbers than any BIOS. If possible set the IRQ numbers to Auto in the BIOS. This will allow Windows to allocate the IRQ numbers (make sure the BIOS setting for Plug and Play OS is switched to 'yes' to allow Windows to do this.).

4 Hard disk drives

After a few weeks, the information on a hard disk drive starts to become piecemeal or fragmented. It is a good idea to defragment the hard disk every week or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen freeze. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-Disk Defragmenter

This will start the procedure. You will be unable to write data to the hard drive (to save it) while the disk is defragmenting, so it is a good idea to schedule the procedure for a period of inactivity using the Task Scheduler.

The Task Scheduler should be one of the small icons on the bottom right of the Windows opening page (the desktop).

Some lockups and screen freezes caused by hard disk problems can be solved by reducing the read-ahead optimisation. This can be adjusted by going to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System Icon-Performance-File System-Hard Disk.

Hard disks will slow down and crash if they are too full. Do some housekeeping on your hard drive every few months and free some space on it. Open the Windows folder on the C drive and find the Temporary Internet Files folder. Deleting the contents (not the folder) can free a lot of space.

Empty the Recycle Bin every week to free more space. Hard disk drives should be scanned every week for errors or bad sectors. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-ScanDisk

Otherwise assign the Task Scheduler to perform this operation at night when the computer is not in use.

5 Fatal OE exceptions and VXD errors

Fatal OE exception errors and VXD errors are often caused by video card problems.

These can often be resolved easily by reducing the resolution of the video display. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Display-Settings

Here you should slide the screen area bar to the left. Take a look at the colour settings on the left of that window. For most desktops, high colour 16-bit depth is adequate.

If the screen freezes or you experience system lockups it might be due to the video card. Make sure it does not have a hardware conflict. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager

Here, select the + beside Display Adapter. A line of text describing your video card should appear. Select it (make it blue) and press properties. Then select Resources and select each line in the window. Look for a message that says No Conflicts.

If you have video card hardware conflict, you will see it here. Be careful at this point and make a note of everything you do in case you make things worse.

The way to resolve a hardware conflict is to uncheck the Use Automatic Settings box and hit the Change Settings button. You are searching for a setting that will display a No Conflicts message.

Another useful way to resolve video problems is to go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Performance-Graphics

Here you should move the Hardware Acceleration slider to the left. As ever, the most common cause of problems relating to graphics cards is old or faulty drivers (a driver is a small piece of software used by a computer to communicate with a device).

Look up your video card's manufacturer on the internet and search for the most recent drivers for it.

6 Viruses

Often the first sign of a virus infection is instability. Some viruses erase the boot sector of a hard drive, making it impossible to start. This is why it is a good idea to create a Windows start-up disk. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Add/Remove Programs

Here, look for the Start Up Disk tab. Virus protection requires constant vigilance.

A virus scanner requires a list of virus signatures in order to be able to identify viruses. These signatures are stored in a DAT file. DAT files should be updated weekly from the website of your antivirus software manufacturer.

An excellent antivirus programme is McAfee VirusScan by Network Associates ( www.nai.com). Another is Norton AntiVirus 2000, made by Symantec ( www.symantec.com).

7 Printers

The action of sending a document to print creates a bigger file, often called a postscript file.

Printers have only a small amount of memory, called a buffer. This can be easily overloaded. Printing a document also uses a considerable amount of CPU power. This will also slow down the computer's performance.

If the printer is trying to print unusual characters, these might not be recognised, and can crash the computer. Sometimes printers will not recover from a crash because of confusion in the buffer. A good way to clear the buffer is to unplug the printer for ten seconds. Booting up from a powerless state, also called a cold boot, will restore the printer's default settings and you may be able to carry on.

8 Software

A common cause of computer crash is faulty or badly-installed software. Often the problem can be cured by uninstalling the software and then reinstalling it. Use Norton Uninstall or Uninstall Shield to remove an application from your system properly. This will also remove references to the programme in the System Registry and leaves the way clear for a completely fresh copy.

The System Registry can be corrupted by old references to obsolete software that you thought was uninstalled. Use Reg Cleaner by Jouni Vuorio to clean up the System Registry and remove obsolete entries. It works on Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 SE (Second Edition), Windows Millennium Edition (ME), NT4 and Windows 2000.

Read the instructions and use it carefully so you don't do permanent damage to the Registry. If the Registry is damaged you will have to reinstall your operating system. Reg Cleaner can be obtained from www.jv16.org

Often a Windows problem can be resolved by entering Safe Mode. This can be done during start-up. When you see the message "Starting Windows" press F4. This should take you into Safe Mode.

Safe Mode loads a minimum of drivers. It allows you to find and fix problems that prevent Windows from loading properly.

Sometimes installing Windows is difficult because of unsuitable BIOS settings. If you keep getting SUWIN error messages (Windows setup) during the Windows installation, then try entering the BIOS and disabling the CPU internal cache. Try to disable the Level 2 (L2) cache if that doesn't work.

Remember to restore all the BIOS settings back to their former settings following installation.

9 Overheating

Central processing units (CPUs) are usually equipped with fans to keep them cool. If the fan fails or if the CPU gets old it may start to overheat and generate a particular kind of error called a kernel error. This is a common problem in chips that have been overclocked to operate at higher speeds than they are supposed to.

One remedy is to get a bigger better fan and install it on top of the CPU. Specialist cooling fans/heatsinks are available from www.computernerd.com or www.coolit.com

CPU problems can often be fixed by disabling the CPU internal cache in the BIOS. This will make the machine run more slowly, but it should also be more stable.

10 Power supply problems

With all the new construction going on around the country the steady supply of electricity has become disrupted. A power surge or spike can crash a computer as easily as a power cut.

If this has become a nuisance for you then consider buying a uninterrupted power supply (UPS). This will give you a clean power supply when there is electricity, and it will give you a few minutes to perform a controlled shutdown in case of a power cut.

It is a good investment if your data are critical, because a power cut will cause any unsaved data to be lost.

How To Change Your IP In Less Then 1 Minute

Here you can change your IP Address in Just one Min

1. Click on "Start" in the bottom left hand corner of screen
2. Click on "Run"
3. Type in "command" and hit ok

You should now be at an MSDOS prompt screen.

4. Type "ipconfig /release" just like that, and hit "enter"
5. Type "exit" and leave the prompt
6. Right-click on "Network Places" or "My Network Places" on your desktop.
7. Click on "properties"

You should now be on a screen with something titled "Local Area Connection", or something close to that, and, if you have a network hooked up, all of your other networks.

8. Right click on "Local Area Connection" and click "properties"
9. Double-click on the "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)" from the list under the "General" tab
10. Click on "Use the following IP address" under the "General" tab
11. Create an IP address (It doesn't matter what it is. I just type 1 and 2 until i fill the area up).
12. Press "Tab" and it should automatically fill in the "Subnet Mask" section with default numbers.
13. Hit the "Ok" button here
14. Hit the "Ok" button again

You should now be back to the "Local Area Connection" screen.

15. Right-click back on "Local Area Connection" and go to properties again.
16. Go back to the "TCP/IP" settings
17. This time, select "Obtain an IP address automatically"
tongue.gif 18. Hit "Ok"
19. Hit "Ok" again
20. You now have a new IP address

With a little practice, you can easily get this process down to 15 seconds.

NOTE:
This only changes your dynamic IP address, not your ISP/IP address. If you plan on hacking a website with this trick be extremely careful, because if they try a little, they can trace it back

How to Unlocking WinXP's setupp.ini

WinXP's setupp.ini controls how the CD acts. IE is it an OEM version or retail? First, find your setupp.ini file in the i386 directory on your WinXP CD. Open it up, it'll look something like this:

ExtraData=707A667567736F696F697911AE7E05
Pid=55034000

The Pid value is what we're interested in. What's there now looks like a standard default. There are special numbers that determine if it's a retail, oem, or volume license edition. First, we break down that number into two parts. The first five digits determines how the CD will behave, ie is it a retail cd that lets you clean install or upgrade, or an oem cd that only lets you perform a clean install? The last three digits determines what CD key it will accept. You are able to mix and match these values. For example you could make a WinXP cd that acted like a retail cd, yet accepted OEM keys.

Now, for the actual values. Remember the first and last values are interchangable, but usually you'd keep them as a pair:

Retail = 51882 335
Volume License = 51883 270
OEM = 82503 OEM

So if you wanted a retail CD that took retail keys, the last line of your setupp.ini file would read:

Pid=51882335

And if you wanted a retail CD that took OEM keys, you'd use:

Pid=51882OEM

How do get the "Administrator" name on Welcome Screen?

To get Admin account on the "Welcome Screen" as well as the other usernames, make sure that there are no accounts logged in.

Press "ctrl-alt-del" twice and you should be able to login as administrator!

finally worked for me after i found out that all accounts have to be logged out first

How to Spilt Big Files using Winrar

First right click on the file u wanna select and select Add to Archive then a window will open from Rar .....

At the bottown there is a Tab sayin "Spilt to Volume,Bytes"


In the box enter a figure.. remember bytes ... For eg if u enter 10000000 tht will be equal to 9.53 mb ...

Remember u have to enter the value in bytes.. So enter a big value..

And thts it ur File will be split into ur requirest no of file...

How to Install a hard disk

When you add a new hard disk to the computer it may not be recognized by XP even you installed it correctly. Here you have the best solution!


The hard disk will not be found in My Computer because it hasn’t been formated or partitioned yet. To resolve this problem go to Control Panel->Administrative Tools->Computer Management->Disk Management

Here you will see the HDD as „Disk1”. Right-click on it and press „Initialize disk”.

Activate the black tab clicking on it and then click-on „New Partition”. Create a „Primary Partition” and format it using NTFS or FAT32.

Click „Finish” and now you have a new working hard disk...after restarting the PC.

How to rip Dynamic Flash Template

Her you learn how to rip Dynamic Flash Template...
What you need:

Sample dynamic flash template from TM website
Sothink SWF Decompiler
Macromedia Flash
Yourself

1. browse or search your favorite dynamic flash template in TM website. If you got one... click the "view" link and new window will open with dynamic flash.. loading...

2. If the movie fully loaded, click View -> Source in your browser to bring the source code of the current page and in the source code, search for "IFRAME" and you will see the iframe page. In this example were going to try the 7045 dynamic template. get the URL(ex.
http://images.templatemonster.com/screenshots/7000/7045.html) then paste it to your browser... easy eh? wait! dont be to excited... erase the .html and change it to swf then press enter then you'll see the flash movie again icon_smile.gif.

3. copy the URL and download that SWF file.. use your favorite download manager.. mine I used flashget icon_smile.gif NOTE: dont close the browser we may need that later on.

4. open your Sothink SWF decompiler... click "Quick Open" then browse where you download your SWF/movie file. Click Export FLA to export your SWF to FLA, in short, save it as FLA icon_smile.gif

5. Open your Macromedia FLash and open the saved FLA file. press Control+Enter or publish the file... then wallah! the output window will come up with "Error opening URL blah blah blah..." dont panic, that error will help you where to get the remaining files.

6. Copy the first error, example: "7045_main.html" then go back to your browser and replace the 7045.swf to 7045_main.html press enter and you'll see a lot of text... nonsense text icon_lol.gif that text are your contents...

NOTE: when you save the remaining files dont forget to save with underscore sign (_) in the front on the file without the TM item number (e.g. 7045) if it is html save it as "_main.html" and same with the image save it as "_works1.jpg" save them where you save the FLA and SWF files. Continue browsing the file inside Flash application so you can track the remaining files... do the same until you finish downloading all the remaining the files.

How 8 People Can Use The Same Msn Dial Up Account

8 People Can Use The Same Msn Dial Up Account
its easy really. want to have an entire family on dial-up with just one bill?

step one. purchase a month subscription to MSN unlimited access dial up

This will include an MSN 9 cd which you will need. With the software installed, fill up your secondary account slots with new users. Make sure you pick @msn if it gives you the choice, hotmail email addresses will not work..

say the secondary account is johnsmith@msn.com type in the Dial up connection

USER : MSN/johnsmith
PASS: ******* (whatever)

connect to your local msn phone number and the other people you gave secondary accounts to will be able to do the same, while you are connected. Its a sweet deal considering everyone is paying about 2 bucks a month for internet access, especially if you cannot get broadband. if you wanted to sell off the access to people you could actually make money doing this.. but i do not suggest it.

I used to be an msn tech and this was a little known secret even to most of the employees.

After you do this you do not need the software any more. I would suggest keeping it on to micromanage everyone else's accounts. and for the simple fact that if they don't pitch in, cut them off HEHEHE

i'm on broadband now so i dont care if i tell you my little secret. anyone else knew of this?

Increase Bandwidth by tweaking QoS in Windows XP Pro

The following tweak applies only to Windows XP Professional edition.

The default system behavior is that all 100% bandwidth is available, however, if there is a running application that indicates to the OS it needs to send high priority/real time data, then as long as it has the socket open, Windows XP will restrict “best effort” traffic to 80% of the bandwidth so that high priority traffic can be accommodated. Basically, applications can make this request to the operating system for QoS support using the QoS application programming interfaces (APIs) in Windows and this only applies if a specific app is requesting QoS.


If you'd like to change how much bandwidth is reserved for QoS (the default is 20% of the total bandwidth), do the following:

1. Make sure you're logged in as "Administrator" (not just any account with admin privileges).
2. Navigate to START>Run and type: gpedit.msc
3. Navigate to Local Computer Policy > Administrative Templates > Network > QOS Packet Scheduler
4. In the right window, double-click the limit reservable bandwidth setting
5. On the setting tab, check the enabled setting.
6. Where it says "Bandwidth limit %", change it to read 0 (or whatever percentage you want to reserve for high priority QoS data)
7. Click OK, close gpedit.msc

Under START > My Computer > My Network Connections > View Network Connections, right-click on your connection and under Properties (where it lists your protocols), make sure QOS Packet Scheduler is enabled.



The tweak desribed below helps boost priority for DNS & hostname resolution in general. What this means is, it helps web pages load faster, and has negligible effect on downloads (not counting the couple of ms gain with the host resolution at connect-time).

Applying this tweak assumes some proficiency in editing the Windows Registry using Regedit (Start > Run > type: regedit). As always, backup your Registry before making any changes so you can revert to the previous state if you don't like the results.

Host Resolution Priority Tweak

The following tweak applies only to Windows XP Professional edition.
Windows 2k/XP

First, open the Windows Registry using Regedit, and (after backing up) navigate to:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\ServiceProvider



Note the following lines (all hex dwords):
Class = 008 (8) - indicates that TCP/IP is a name service provider, don't change.


LocalPriority = 1f3 (499) - local names cache
HostsPriority = 1f4 (500) - the HOSTS file
DnsPriority = 7d0 (2000) - DNS
NetbtPriority = 7d1 (2001) - NetBT name-resolution, including WINS

What we're aiming to do is increase the priority of the last 4 settings, while keeping their order. The valid range is from -32768 to +32767 and lower numbers mean higher priority compared to other services. What we're aiming at is lower numbers without going to extremes, something like what's shown below should work well:

Change the "Priority" lines to:
LocalPriority = 005 (5) - local names cache
HostsPriority = 006 (6) - the HOSTS file
DnsPriority = 007 (7) - DNS
NetbtPriority = 008 (8) - NetBT name-resolution, including WINS

Windows 9x/ME

The tweak is essentialy the same as in Windows 2000/XP, just the location in the Registry is slightly different. For a more detailed description see the Windows 2000/XP section above.

Open the Windows Registry using Regedit, and (after backing up) navigate to:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\VxD\MSTCP\ServiceProvider

You should see the following settings:
Class=hex:08,00,00,00

LocalPriority=hex:f3,01,00,00
HostsPriority=hex:f4,01,00,00
DnsPriority=hex:d0,07,00,00
NetbtPriority=hex:d1,07,00,00

The "priority" lines should be changed to:
LocalPriority=hex:05,00,00,00
HostsPriority=hex:06,00,00,00
DnsPriority=hex:07,00,00,00
NetbtPriority=hex:08,00,00,00

Reboot for changes to take effect.


In addition to the tweaks already covered in Win 2k/XP Registry Tweaks and More Win 2k/XP Tweaks, the Windows XP Service Pack 2 introduces a few new issues covered in the article below. Please make sure you understand what you are doing before making any changes to your Operating System.
Note the information below only applies to Windows XP Service Pack 2.

Remove the limit on TCP connection attempts

Windws XP SP2 introduces a few new twists to TCP/IP in order to babysit users and "reduce the threat" of worms spreading fast without control. In one such attempt, the devs seem to have limited the number of possible TCP connection attempts per second to 10 (from unlimited in SP1). This argumentative feature can possibly affect server and P2P programs that need to open many outbound connections at the same time.


Rant: The forward thinking of Microsoft developers here is that you can only infect 10 new systems per second via TCP/IP ?!?... If you also consider that each of those infected computers will infect 10 others at the same rate:
second 1: 1+10 computers
second 2: 10+10*10 computers (110 new ones)
second 3: 10+100*10 computers ( 1110 new ones)
second 4: 10+1000*10 computers (11110 new ones)
....
all the way to 10*60 + 10^60 computers in a single minute (that's a number with 60 digits, or it would far exceed Earth's population). Even if we consider that 90% of those computers are unreachable/protected, one would still reach ALL of them within a minute.

In other words, even though it is not going to stop worm spreading, it's going to delay it a few seconds, limit possible network congestion a bit, and limit the use of your PC to 10 connection attempts per second in the process ! I have no problem with the new default setting limiting outbound connection attempts. Still, users should have the option to easily disable or change this setting. I might be going out on a limb here, but ever since the introduction of Windows XP I can't help thinking that I dislike all the bult-in Windows "wisardry" in a sense that the system also limits user access. That irritating trend to ease the mental load on end users is somewhat insulting, considering that Windows is to make the more "intelligent" choice instead of the end user, as well as limit their access to tuning such settings...
End of rant.

With the new implementation, if a P2P or some other network program attempts to connect to 100 sites at once, it would only be able to connect to 10 per second, so it would take it 10 seconds to reach all 100. In addition, even though the setting was registry editable in XP SP1, it is now only possible to edit by changing it directly in the system file tcpip.sys. To make matters worse, that file is in use, so you also need to be in Safe mode in order to edit it.

You only need to worry about the number of connection attempts per second if you have noticed a slowdown in network programs requiring a number of connections opened at once. You can check if you're hitting this limit from the Event Viewer, under System - look for TCP/IP Warnings saying: "TCP/IP has reached the security limit imposed on the number of concurrent TCP connect attempts". Keep in mind this is a cap only on incomplete outbound connect attempts per second, not total connections. Still, running servers and P2P programs can definitely be affected by this new limitation. Use the fix as you see fit.

To change or remove the limit, you can use the following program:

Event ID 4226 http://www.lvllord.de/

Recommended settings for Windows 2000 / XP

Windows 2000 & XP, unlike NT supports large windows as described in RFC1323 ( the 'RcvWindow' has a maximum value of 2**30 rather than 64K), and includes some other improvements over its predecessors you can use to speed up any TCP/IP transfers. , the descriptions and other options are added to provide you with better understanding and enable you to customize your settings.

All the following entries, unless otherwise noted should be placed in the Windows 2000/XP Registry under the key

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters

TCPWindowSize

The value of TCP Window in the Windows 2000 Registry is DWORD, representing number of bytes, with range from 0 to 2^30. The recommended values (in red) optimize TCP for any high speed Internet connection and work best in most cases, however if you'd like to use a custom value follow these guidelines:

For best results, the TCPWindow should be a multiple of MSS (Maximum Segment Size). MSS is generally MTU - 40, where MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is the largest packet size that can be transmitted. MTU is usually 1500 (1492 for PPPoE connections). To determine the MTU value of your ISP, check out the Advanced Registry Editing section of our site.

There are three places in the Windows 2000 Registry where you can add the TCP Window parameter.

HKLM/SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
GlobalMaxTcpWindowSize="256960" (DWORD, number of bytes) Valid range is from MSS to 2^30. Add the value as a decimal. Note: For best results RWIN has to be a multiple of MSS lower than 65535 times a scale factor that's a power of 2, i.e. 44 x 1460 = 64240 x 2^2 = 256960. If you choose to use a RWIN lower than 65535, you can simply make it multiple of MSS and turn scaling off (Tcp1323Opts=0)

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
TcpWindowSize="256960" (DWORD, number of bytes) Valid range is from MSS to 2^30. Add the value as a decimal. TcpWindowSize can also exist under TcpipParametersInterface - if added at this location, it overrides the global setting for this particular . Note (10/20/00): Seems MS has found another bug in Windows 2000, the TCPWindowSize should be configured with the global setting (GlobalMaxTcpWindowsSize) rather than this one - Q263088

Note: For best results RWIN has to be a multiple of MSS lower than 65535 times a scale factor that's a power of 2, i.e. 44 x 1460 = 64240 x 2^2 = 256960. If you choose to use a RWIN lower than 65535, you can simply make it multiple of MSS and turn scaling off (Tcp1323Opts=0)

Tcp1323Opts

Tcp1323Opts is a necessary setting in order to enable Large TCPWindow support as described in RFC 1323. Without this parameter, the TCPWindow is limited to 64K.

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
Tcp1323Opts="1" (DWORD, recommended setting is 1. The possible settings are 0 - Disable RFC 1323 options, 1 - Window scaling but no Timestamp options, 3 - Window scaling and Time stamp options.)

Note: Tcp1323Opts="3" might help in some cases where there is increased packet loss, however generally you'll achieve better throughput with Tcp1323Opts="1", since Timestamps add 12 bytes to the header of each packet.

DefaultTTL

DefaultTTL determines the time in seconds and the number of hops a packet lives. While it does not directly affect speed, a larger value increases the amount of time it takes for a packet to be considered lost, discarded and retransmitted. A value that's too small can cause packets to be unable to reach distant servers at all.

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
DefaultTTL="64" (DWORD, recommended setting is 64. Other settings that are widely used are 128 and 32)

EnablePMTUDiscovery

When set to 1 (True), TCP attempts to discover MTU automatically over the path to a remote host. Setting this parameter to 0 causes MTU to default to 576 which reduces overall performance over high speed connections. Note that this setting is different than our Windows 9x recommendation.

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
EnablePMTUDiscovery="1" (DWORD - boolean, valid settings are 0-->False and 1-->True. Many connections perform better with this entry at 1, however, if you prefer to set your upstream to send fixed 1500 packets, you might want to use 0 instead). When set at 1, establishing connections and initial transfer speed might slow down a bit, however you will get better throughput if somewhere in the path large packets need to be fragmented.

EnablePMTUBHDetect

Setting this parameter to 1 (True) enables "black hole" routers to be detected, however it also increases the maximum number of retransmissions for a given segment. In most cases you'd want to keep BHDetect to 0 (False).

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
EnablePMTUBHDetect="0" (DWORD - boolean, valid settings are 0-->False and 1-->True. Recommended setting is 0)

SackOpts

This parameter controls whether or not SACK (Selective Acknowledgement) support is enabled, as specified in RFC 2018. SACK is especially important for connections using large TCP Window sizes.

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
SackOpts="1" (DWORD - boolean, recommended setting is 1. Possible settings are 0 - No Sack options or 1 - Sack Option enabled).

TcpMaxDupAcks

This parameter determines the number of duplicate ACKs that must be received for the same sequence number of sent data before "fast retransmit" is triggered to resend the segment that has been dropped in transit.

HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters
TcpMaxDupAcks="2" (DWORD - range 1-3, recommended setting is 2).

How to Delete Files From The Recent File List In Windows Media Player

NOTE:This tip requires a change to the Windows Registry.

Windows Media Player (WMP) is a built-in application that allows you to play multimedia files. Like many other applications, WMP remembers the most recently played files and displays them in the Recent File List under the File menu. This feature is useful if you regularly play certain files, but you may want to clear the list if you share the computer and a user account or create archives and CDs.

There are two ways you can clear the list:

I. The ClearMRU.exe Utility is available for free in the Windows Media Player Bonus Pack from Microsoft, but Microsoft does not support this tool.

II. You can also manually delete the list through the Windows Registry:

1. Start the Windows Registry Editor, regedit.exe, by typing regedit in the Windows Run Command Line.

2. Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\MediaPlayer\Player\RecentFileList.

3. Delete the RecentFileList subkey.

4. If you've also streamed content from the Internet, you can delete the RecentURLList subkey.

5. Exit the Registry Editor.

6. Restart the computer.

To keep certain files in the list, don't delete the entire key. Deleting individual entries within the key will get rid of the files that you no longer want in the Recent File List.

How To Increase Data Capacity Of CDs

You can fit on a S/VCD without overburning:
- approx. 735 MB of MPEG data onto a 74min/650MB disc
- approx. 795 MB of MPEG data onto an 80min/700MB disc

You can fit on a CD-ROM without overburning:
- approx. 650 MB of data onto a 74min/650MB disc
- approx. 703 MB of data onto an 80min/700MB disc

Introduction
Let us ignore for now the terms of megabyte for CD capacity and try to understand how the data is stored on a CD.

As well all know, the data is stored digitally as binary data. This means, however the actual information is actually kept on the disc, this information is in the form of "1"s and "0"s. Physically, the information on a CD is as pits on a thin sheet of metal (aluminium).

An a CD-R disc, the data is physically on an organic dye layer which simulates the metal layer on a real pressed CD.
How is the information structured
Now, on the CD, the information isn't just organised from beginning to end willy-nilly. Otherwise, it would be really hard to find a useful piece of information on the CD.

Rather, the information is organised in sectors. Consider a sector as like a page in a book. Just like you are able to quickly find something in a book if you know the page number, you can quickly find something on a CD if you know the sector number.

Now, remember that the CD was original made to hold audio data. It was decided, that the CD would would 75 sectors per second of audio. Although I cannot guess where this number comes from, it is quite appropriate for the audio CD. It means that you can "seek" an audio CD accurately to 1/75th of a second -- which is more than enough for consumer purposes.

Now, with this in mind, we can work out the total data capacity of user data for 1 sector.
The total data capacity of user data of 1 sector on a CD
CD audio uses uncompressed PCM stereo audio, 16-bit resolution sampled at 44.1 kHz.

Thus 1 second of audio contains:
16 bits/channel * 2 channels * 44100 samples/second * 1 second
= 1411200 bits
= 176400 bytes

Since there are 75 sectors per second
1 sector
= 176400 bytes / 75
= 2352 bytes

One sector on a CD contains 2352 bytes max.


The concept of different MODES and FORMS of burning
Now, audio CD was well and good, but the medium would become much more useful if you could store other data on the disc as well. This became to be know as CD-ROM of course.

Now, the audio-CD uses the ENTIRE sector for audio data.

However, for CD-ROMs this caused a problem. Simply, CDs and the CD reading mechanisms were not 100% faultless. That is, errors (indeed frequent errors) could be made during the reading. For audio CDs, this does not matter as much as you could simply interpolate from the adjacent audio samples. This will obviously NOT DO for data CDs. A single bit error could lead to a program being unexecutable or ruin an achive file.

Thus, for CD-ROMs, part of each sector is devoted to error correction codes and error detection codes. The CD-R FAQ has the details, but in effect, only 2048 bytes out of a total of 2352 bytes in each sector is available for user data on a data CD.

This burning mode is either MODE1 or MODE2 Form1.
MODE2 Form2 sectors of VCDs and SVCDs
Now, for VCDs and SVCDs, the video tracks do not necessarily require the robust error correction as normal data on a CD-ROM. However, there is still some overhead per sector that is used for something other than video data (e.g., sync headers).

S/VCDs video tracks are burnt in what is called MODE2 Form2 sectors. In this mode, only 2324 bytes out of a total of 2352 bytes in each sector is available for user data.

This is MUCH MORE than for CD-ROMs, but still less per sector than audio CD.

The disc capacities of CD-ROMs, audio-CDs and VCDs
Now, obviously what ultimately determines the capacity of a disc is the total number of sectors it contains. This is similar to the total number of pages in a blank exercise book (if you recall the book analogy).

The secondary determinant is the burning mode of the disc.

For audio CDs, it is as if you could fill each page from top to bottom with audio data as the entire sector is used for audio data.

For CD-ROMs, it is as if you need to first rule a margin and then leave the bottom part of each page for footnotes (headers + ECC + EDC). The amount of text you can actually write per page is then less due to these other constraints.

For S/VCDs, we still need to rule a margin on the page, but we don't have to worry about the footnotes (headers). We can fit MORE text than a CD-ROM, but less than an audio-CD.

Now remember, 1 second on a CD = 75 sectors.

Thus:
- 74 min CD = 333,000 sectors
- 80 min CD = 360,000 sectors


Data capacity in Mb for an audio-CD
74 min
= 333,000 sectors * 2352 bytes / sector
= 783216000 bytes
= 746.9 Mb

80 min
= 360,000 sectors * 2352 bytes / sector
= 846720000 bytes
= 807.5 Mb


Data capacity in Mb for a CD-ROM
74 min
= 333,000 sectors * 2048 bytes / sector
= 681984000 bytes
= 650.4 Mb

80 min
= 360,000 sectors * 2048 bytes / sector
= 737280000 bytes
= 703.1 Mb


Data capacity in Mb for a S/VCD
74 min
= 333,000 sectors * 2324 bytes / sector
= 773892000 bytes
= 738.0 Mb

80 min
= 360,000 sectors * 2324 bytes / sector
= 836640000 bytes
= 797.9 Mb
Conclusions
As you can see, the often quoted capacities of 650MB and 700MB refer to CD-ROM capacities.

Due to the fact that S/VCDs use a different burning mode where MORE of each sector is available as user data, the relatively capacities are HIGHER.

Now, since S/VCDs are not composed of PURELY video tracks and have some unavoidable overheads, the actually total capacity left for video tracks is a few Mb less for each disc (about 735 Mb for 74min discs and 795 Mb for 80min discs). This is where the often quoted capacities of 740MB and 800MB come from. They are quite accurate.

All these capacities are available BEFORE overburning. Overburning is where you burn MORE sectors than the disc is rated for. If you overburn, you can typically achieve about 1-2 minutes of additional capacity (depending on your drive and media).